Smart Tourism Implementation And Destination Competitiveness: Evidence From Labuan Bajo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69855/malala.v1i2.761Keywords:
Smart Tourism, Tourism Innovation, Destinations, Digital TechnologyAbstract
Tourism is a strategic sector that contributes to economic growth. However, tourist destinations in Indonesia, including Labuan Bajo, face challenges in managing information, accessibility, and visitor experiences due to limited adoption of digital technology. The uneven implementation of Smart Tourism may reduce destination competitiveness compared with global destinations. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Smart Tourism and its influence on destination competitiveness in Labuan Bajo. A quantitative approach with a correlational cross-sectional design was employed in the tourism area of Labuan Bajo, West Manggarai Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. A total of 120 domestic and foreign tourists were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires using a five-point Likert scale, supported by interviews and observations. Data were analyzed using univariate statistics, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression. The results showed that 68.3% of respondents rated Smart Tourism implementation as good, 24.2% as moderate, and 7.5% as poor. Pearson correlation indicated a positive and significant relationship between Smart Tourism implementation and destination competitiveness (r=0.612; p<0.001). Regression analysis showed that Smart Tourism explained 37.4% of the variance in destination competitiveness (R²=0.374). Strengthening digital infrastructure, tourism information services, and stakeholder digital literacy is essential for sustainable tourism development.
References
Ahmed, S. (2025). Tourism today: Trends, challenges, and opportunities. Journal of Educational Studies, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.58218/jes.v3i1.1263
Alfidyah, M. (2025). Strategi Digital Marketing dalam Meningkatkan Daya Tarik Destinasi Wisata di Era Pasca-Pandemi. Jurnal Pariwisata Dan Hospitality, 1(1), 8-15.
Aprilia, F., & Kusumawati, A. (2021). Influence of electronic word of mouth on visitor's interest to tourism destinations. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(2), 993–1003. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no2.0993
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2025, February 13). Kunjungan wisatawan mancanegara (wisman) pada Desember 2024 mencapai 1,24 juta kunjungan, naik 8,72 persen (y-on-y). BPS Kota Kupang. https://kupangkota.bps.go.id/en/pressrelease/2025/02/13/478/kunjungan-wisatawan-mancanegara--wisman--pada-desember-2024-mencapai-1-24-juta-kunjungan--naik-8-72-persen-year-on-year--y-o-y--.html
Borahima, B., Setianto, R. H. T., Pratiwi, N. R., & Saifuddin. (2024). Sistem manajemen akses dan amenitas pada destinasi pariwisata berbasis smart tourism menuju Indonesia Emas. Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis Manajemen dan Akuntansi (JEBISMA), 2(2). https://doi.org/10.70197/jebisma.v2i2.79
Buhalis, D., & Amaranggana, A. (2015). Smart tourism destinations enhancing tourism experience through personalisation of services. In I. Tussyadiah & A. Inversini (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2015 (pp. 377–389). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14343-9_28
Cahyani, M. D., & Djunaedi, A. (2026). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan smart tourism di Kota Yogyakarta. Journal of Syntax Literate, 11(3), 2664. https://openurl.ebsco.com/EPDB%3Agcd%3A9%3A23359513/detailv2?sid=ebsco%3Aplink%3Acrawler-gcd&id=ebsco%3Agcd%3A192856275&crl=c&jrnl=25410849&link_origin=scholar.google.com
Damayanti, M., Wahyono, H., Rahdriawan, M., Tyas, W. P., & Sani, P. C. (2020). Penerapan smart tourism di Kota Semarang. Jurnal Riptek, 14(2), 128–133
De Souza Bispo, M., Mendes-Filho, L., & Buhalis, D. (2020). Effectiveness of destination advertising and technology adoption on tourism competitiveness. Tourism Management Perspectives.
Faurina, R. B., Sari, D. P., & Agustian, K. (2022). Efektivitas paid media dalam strategi pemasaran pariwisata digital. Jurnal Manajemen Pemasaran Pariwisata.
Firtanto, F. (2024). Analisis strategis pengembangan peta jalan Smart Tourism City Kota Blitar menggunakan integrasi kerangka Iceberg-Ishikawa-PESTLE. Region: Jurnal Pembangunan Wilayah dan Perencanaan Partisipatif. https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/region/article/view/108569
GoodStats Data. (2026, May 13). Jumlah kunjungan wisatawan ke Labuan Bajo 2020–2025. https://data.goodstats.id/statistic/jumlah-kunjungan-wisatawan-ke-labuan-bajo-2020-2025-mrtXy
Gretzel, U., Sigala, M., Xiang, Z., & Koo, C. (2015). Smart tourism: Foundations and developments. Electronic Markets, 25(3), 179–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-015-0196-8
Gretzel, U., Werthner, H., Koo, C., & Lamsfus, C. (2015). Conceptual foundations for understanding smart tourism ecosystems. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 558–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.043
Hamijaya, P. D. N., Indrayanti, S., Suardana, I. K., et al. (2026). Manajemen pariwisata modern: Konsep, strategi, dan pengalaman wisata di era global. PT Cipta Digital Edukasi.
Kirana, Z. A. (2025). Inovasi teknologi digital dalam meningkatkan pengalaman wisatawan di destinasi cerdas. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 1(2), 51–57. https://doi.org/10.70716/thr.v1i2.93
Ku, E. C. S. (2025). Tourism digital transformation and future supply chain competition: An integrated perspective on real options theory and digital competencies. Journal of Tourism Futures, 11(2), 240–260. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-10-2023-0232 ⚠️ DOI dan tahun dikoreksi
Kurniawan, R. (2025). The effect of product innovation, consumer awareness, environmental policy, tourist satisfaction, and social culture on sustainable tourism in the tourism industry in kintamani bali. Law and Economics, 19(1), 71-80.
Lamsfus, C., Martín, D., Alzua-Sorzabal, A., & Torres-Manzanera, E. (2015). Smart tourism destinations: An extended conception of smart cities focusing on human mobility. In I. Tussyadiah & A. Inversini (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2015 (pp. 363–375). Springer.
Pramono, B. A., Deliana, D., & Putra, A. M. (2025). Manajemen destinasi pariwisata: Konsep, komponen dan pengembangan. Star Digital Publishing.
Prasetyo, H., & Rifai, M. B. (2022). Urgensi implementasi smart tourism untuk kemajuan pariwisata Indonesia. Journal of Tourism and Economic, 5(2), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.36594/jtec/5zvqmg87
Shiratina, A., Ramli, Y., & Hanifah, H. M. (2022). SME innovation and social media on intention to visit Ternate City with destination image as the moderating variable. Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen, 23(1), 66-78.
Silitonga, F., et al. (2025). Implementasi smart tourism dalam pengembangan pariwisata berkelanjutan di Batam. Sadar Wisata: Jurnal Pariwisata. https://ejurnal.unmuhjember.ac.id/index.php/wisata/article/view/5641
Siregar, A. A., Afiah, N., Minrsi, A., Ramadhani, V. M., Juansa, A., & Amirullah, A. (2025). Pemasaran pariwisata: Tren, strategi dan inovasi. PT Star Digital Publishing.
Stevenson, E. S., & Ardiansyah, I. (2024). Pengaruh digital tourism terhadap minat kunjungan wisatawan di Museum Digital Gedung Juang 45 Bekasi. Journal of Social and Economics Research. https://idm.or.id/JSER/index.php/JSER/article/view/416
Subawa, N. S., & Nadya Leonita, I. G. A. A. (2024). Transformasi pelayanan digital dalam pariwisata Bali: Studi kasus aplikasi Denpasar Prama Sewaka. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan, 21(2), 179–191.
Wang, D., Xiang, Z., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (2016). Smartphone use in everyday life and travel. Journal of Travel Research, 55(1), 52–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287514535847
Winarni, R., Jaya, U. A., Raspati, G., Akbar, T. S. W., Septiani, N., & Nakiza, E. S. (2025). Strategi manajemen pariwisata berkelanjutan dalam meningkatkan daya saing destinasi wisata di era digital: Kajian pustaka terhadap model pengelolaan terintegrasi. MBA Journal–Management, Business Administration, and Accounting Journal, 2(01), 40–52. https://ojs.sains.ac.id/index.php/mba-journal/article/view/140
World Travel and Tourism Council. (2023). Travel & tourism economic impact 2023. WTTC.
Xiang, Z., Tussyadiah, I., & Buhalis, D. (2015). Smart destinations: Foundations, analytics, and applications. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 4(3), 143–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2015.07.001
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Management and Applied Learning in Local and Adventure Tourism
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
