Community-Based Adventure Tourism and Its Implications for Environmental and Social Sustainability
Keywords:
Community-Based Tourism, Adventure Tourism, Sustainable Tourism, Environmental Sustainability, Social SustainabilityAbstract
Community-Based Tourism (CBT) is a strategic approach to sustainable tourism that integrates economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Although CBT is increasingly applied in adventure tourism, its contribution to holistic sustainability remains underexplored. This study examines the role of CBT in strengthening environmental conservation, socio-cultural sustainability, and community welfare in adventure tourism settings. A systematic literature review analyzed 15 peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2026 from Scopus and Sinta-indexed journals. The review focused on community participation, environmental management, economic empowerment, and governance frameworks. The findings show that CBT empowers local communities, strengthens social cohesion, preserves cultural heritage, and promotes environmental stewardship. CBT also supports inclusive economic growth through employment, entrepreneurship, and equitable benefit distribution. In addition, CBT enhances community resilience to socio-economic and environmental shocks and supports long-term capacity building. Effective CBT implementation requires stakeholder collaboration, governance support, and integration with adventure tourism experiences. These findings imply that policymakers, tourism operators, and destination managers should prioritize community engagement and participatory governance. In conclusion, CBT is a comprehensive mechanism for balancing social, environmental, and economic goals. Future research should conduct longitudinal and comparative studies to assess scalability and integration with digital and adventure tourism innovations.
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