Simulation-Based Safety Training for Power-Plant Maintenance: An Integrative Review of Safety Learning, Behavior, and Transferability to the Indonesian Context
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69855/k3.v1i3.826Keywords:
Simulation-Based Safety Training, Safety-Related Outcomes, Power-Plant Maintenance, Integrative Review, Indonesia, Virtual RealityAbstract
Background: Unsafe actions remain a safety concern in power-plant maintenance, but Indonesian field evidence linking simulation-based training to observed reductions is limited. Purpose: To integrate Indonesian evidence on unsafe-action determinants with international evidence on simulation/VR effects and assess transferability to Indonesian power-plant maintenance. Methods: An integrative review guided by Whittemore and Knafl searched multiple international and Indonesian databases and backward citations. PRISMA 2020 principles were selectively applied. Searches were rerun on 10 September 2026. Twelve peer-reviewed studies (three Indonesian and nine international) were appraised using design-appropriate JBI criteria. Heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis. Results: Among 69 Indonesian power-plant repair workers, 62.32% exhibited high unsafe-action levels. Low OSH knowledge (OR = 4.200, 95% CI: 1.481–11.913) and poor supervision (OR = 3.429, 95% CI: 1.194–9.848) were associated with unsafe actions. Among 50 Indonesian electrical workers, knowledge improved significantly in both intervention sequences involving VR (p<0.001). International evidence generally favored simulation/VR for knowledge, hazard recognition, self-efficacy, and selected task performance, although long-term behavioral effects were inconsistent. Conclusion: Simulation-based safety training is a promising component of broader competency and safety-management systems, alongside supervision and competency verification. However, its causal effect on unsafe-action frequency among Indonesian power-plant maintenance workers remains unestablished, requiring controlled field trials with behavioral follow-up.
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