Antioxidant Activity Test and Chromatographic Fingerprint Analysis of Secondary Metabolite Profiles of Garcinia Fruit Extract Mangosteen (Mangosteen) from Several Varieties in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69855/farmasi.v2i2.656Keywords:
Garcinia mangostana, mangosteen, antioxidant, DPPH, ABTS, HPLC fingerprint, alpha-mangostin, xanthones, Indonesia, chemotype variationAbstract
Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen) is a prominent tropical fruit from Indonesia, widely recognized for its rich xanthone content with strong antioxidant properties. Indonesia hosts several regional varieties with potentially different phytochemical profiles; however, comparative studies remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate and compare antioxidant activity and characterize the secondary metabolite fingerprint profiles of ethanol extracts from mangosteen pericarp collected from five regions: Purwokerto, Kaligesing, Palu, Wanayasa, and Lingga. Extracts were prepared by maceration using 96% ethanol. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. TLC fingerprinting was performed on silica gel plates, while HPLC analysis used a C18 column with gradient elution. Alpha-mangostin was quantified at 316 nm, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined. All samples exhibited strong antioxidant activity. The Palu variety showed the highest DPPH activity (IC₅₀ 12.4 ± 0.6 µg/mL), while Purwokerto showed the highest FRAP value (482.6 ± 14.3 µmol Trolox/g). HPLC profiles revealed 12–16 peaks with alpha-mangostin as the dominant compound (28.4–45.8 mg/g extract). Cluster analysis grouped samples into two chemotypes, indicating phytochemical variation influenced by geographic origin.
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