Formulation and Evaluation of the Physical Stability of an Anti-Inflammatory Gel Preparation Containing a Standardized Extract of Jatropha curcas (Duduk) Leaves with a Carbomer Base
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69855/farmasi.v2i2.654Keywords:
Jatropha curcas,, gel formulation, carbomer 940, physical stability, anti-inflammatory, protein denaturation, East Nusa TenggaraAbstract
Jatropha curcas L. (locally known as “duduk” in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia) has traditionally been used as an anti-inflammatory agent. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical stability and anti-inflammatory activity of a topical gel containing standardized ethanolic leaf extract of J. curcas using carbomer 940. The extract was obtained by maceration with 96% ethanol and standardized based on total flavonoid and phenolic contents. Three formulations containing 5% extract and 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% carbomer 940 (F1–F3) were evaluated for organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, viscosity, adhesion, and accelerated stability over 28 days. All formulations were homogeneous with a pale green color and mild odor. F2 (1.0% carbomer) showed optimal characteristics, with a pH of 6.82, viscosity of 4,850 cPs, spreadability of 6.21 cm, and adhesion of 14.3 s, and remained stable throughout testing. F2 also exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in the BSA protein denaturation assay, with an IC₅₀ of 87.4 µg/mL. The 1.0% carbomer 940 formulation demonstrated optimal physical characteristics, stability, and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity, indicating its potential as a natural topical anti-inflammatory preparation.
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