Optimization of Urban Infiltration Well Placement Based on Soil Infiltration Mapping and Existing Drainage Networks: A Case Study of Densely Populated Areas

Abstract

Rapid urbanization in hyper-dense metropolitan areas has severely disrupted natural hydrological cycles, leading to critical drainage failures and recurrent flooding. This study aims to optimize the spatial placement of urban infiltration wells by integrating natural soil infiltration capacities with the hydraulic saturation points of existing drainage networks. Utilizing high-fidelity secondary data (2020-2025) from BMKG, BIG, and the Ministry of Agriculture, the research employed a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) framework within a 145.4 km² study area in Jakarta, Indonesia. Analyzing a 10-year meteorological dataset and 1,200 km of drainage infrastructure, the study utilized a 5x5 meter grid-cell resolution to simulate runoff reduction. Results indicate that the strategic installation of 450 optimized units primarily in Latosol-dominant zones with constant infiltration rates of 12.50 mm/h achieved an average peak discharge reduction of 35.40%. Statistical testing confirmed a robust correlation between building density and inundation frequency (; ), while t-test results (; ) validated the model's ability to alleviate hydraulic stress at 15 critical bottlenecks. These findings provide a scalable policy framework for municipal authorities to implement cost-effective "green-grey" hybrid infrastructure. The study concludes that spatial-hydraulic synchronization is the most technically viable solution for flood mitigation in ultra-dense urban fabrics, recommending future integration with real-time IoT monitoring.

Rapid urbanization in hyper-dense metropolitan areas has severely disrupted natural hydrological cycles, leading to critical drainage failures and recurrent flooding. This study aims to optimize the spatial placement of urban infiltration wells by integrating natural soil infiltration capacities with the hydraulic saturation points of existing drainage networks. Utilizing high-fidelity secondary data (2020-2025) from BMKG, BIG, and the Ministry of Agriculture, the research employed a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) framework within a 145.4 km² study area in Jakarta, Indonesia. Analyzing a 10-year meteorological dataset and 1,200 km of drainage infrastructure, the study utilized a 5x5 meter grid-cell resolution to simulate runoff reduction. Results indicate that the strategic installation of 450 optimized units primarily in Latosol-dominant zones with constant infiltration rates of 12.50 mm/h achieved an average peak discharge reduction of 35.40%. Statistical testing confirmed a robust correlation between building density and inundation frequency (; ), while t-test results (; ) validated the model's ability to alleviate hydraulic stress at 15 critical bottlenecks. These findings provide a scalable policy framework for municipal authorities to implement cost-effective "green-grey" hybrid infrastructure. The study concludes that spatial-hydraulic synchronization is the most technically viable solution for flood mitigation in ultra-dense urban fabrics, recommending future integration with real-time IoT monitoring.