Analysis of Gender Gaps in Economic Decision-Making: The Impact of MSMEs Empowerment on the Gender Development Index
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69855/panggaleh.v2i1.502Keywords:
MSME Empowerment, Gender Development Index, Economic Autonomy, Financial Inclusion, Gender PolicyAbstract
Gender-based disparities in economic decision-making remain a systemic obstacle to inclusive growth within emerging economies. This study evaluates the impact of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise (MSMEs) empowerment on the Gender Development Index (GDI) in Indonesia, hypothesizing that financial autonomy exerts a more profound influence than mere participation volume. Utilizing a quantitative secondary data analysis design, the research examines a population of 64.5 million MSMEs units across 38 Indonesian provinces from 2023 to 2024. Multiple linear regression was employed to analyze the influence of female-led business ratios and credit accessibility indices as independent variables against GDI scores. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation, where credit access demonstrates a more dominant impact compared to the sheer quantity of business units. In conclusion, fundamentally elevating the GDI necessitates a reform of credit-scoring systems and institutional support for the care economy to liberate women's productive time.
References
Andriyanty, R. H. (2022). The Role of Education on the Work Productivity of Employees Managing Child-Friendly Integrated Public Spaces (RPTRA) in Srengseng Sawah Village, South Jakarta through Moderation of Attitudes in Serving the Community. Mega Aktiva: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen, 11(2), 64–72. Retrieved from https://megaaktiva.umkendari.ac.id/index.php/Jurnal/article/view/273
Andriyanty, R. K. (2021). The Effect of Work From Home on Corporate Culture Mediated by Motivation, Work Behavior, and Performance. Journal of Applied Management (JAM), 19(3), 523–534. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2021.019.03.06
Badan Pusat Statistik . (2023). Gender-Based Human Development 2023. Jakarta: BPS RI.
Duflo, E. (2020). Good Economics for Hard Times. New York: PublicAffairs.
Gultom, J. R. (2025). The Moderating Role of Citizenship Behavior in Improving Organizational Performance Through Organizational Commitment. The International Journal of Organizational Diversity. doi:https://doi.org/10.18848/2328-6261/CGP/
Kementerian Koperasi dan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah RI. (2024). Annual Report on Formal Transformation of Micro Enterprises. Jakarta: Kemenkop UKM.
OECD. (2023). The Missing Entrepreneurs 2023: Policies for Inclusive Entrepreneurship. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Olofsson, M. R.-T. (2021). Rethinking the divide: Exploring the interdependence between global and nested local markets. Journal of Rural Studies, 83, 60–70. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JRURSTUD.2021.02.018
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). (2023). Gender-Based Financial Inclusion Profile Report: Towards Equal Access to Capital. Jakarta: Gender-Based Financial Inclusion Profile Report: Towards Equal Access to Capital.
Pal, R. &. (2024). Digital Technology and the Empowerment of Indian Women Micro-Entrepreneurs., (pp. 326–331). doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/ghtc62424.2024.10771561
Rambe. (2022). Differences in Work Behavior Seen from Employee Motivation and Work Stress During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Jurnal Kajian Ilmiah, 12(2), 191–204. doi:https://doi.org/10.31599/jki.v22i2.1065
Rambe, D. &. (2020). Analysis of Teacher Performance Influenced by Servant Leadership and Organizational Commitment (Survey of Teachers at SMPN 124 Jakarta). Mediastima, 26(2), 211–222. Retrieved from https://ejournal-ibik57.ac.id/index.php/mediastima/article/view/194
Setyawati, I. N. (2024). Reward and Punishment System at Alfamart Said Sudirman. West Science Social and Humanities Studies, 2(3), 526–534. Retrieved from https://wsj.westscience-press.com/index.php/wsshs/article/view/752
Taruno & Rambe, D. (2023). Analysis of the Influence of Competence, Compensation and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance at PT. Plaza Lifestyle Prima Jakarta. Mediastima, 29(1.2), 10–23. Retrieved from https://ejournal-ibik57.ac.id/index.php/mediastima/article/view/8
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2023). Gender Social Norms Index (GSNI) Report. New York: UNDP.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2023). Gender Social Norms Index (GSNI) Report: Breaking Down Barriers to Economic Participation. New York: UNDP.
World Bank Group. (2022). Women, Business and the Law 2022. Washington, DC: World Bank Publications.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Perspectives on Advanced New Generations of Global and Local Economic Horizons
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
