Analysis of the Implementation of a Digital Technology-Based Occupational Health and Safety Management System in the Manufacturing Industry in Indonesia

Abstract

This study examines the implementation of a digital-based Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS/SMK3) in the Indonesian manufacturing industry, focusing on effectiveness, challenges, and strategic implications. A qualitative case study approach was applied, involving purposively selected informants from managerial and operational levels. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis, and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that the integration of digital technologies—such as e-SMK3 applications, web-based dashboards, and Internet of Things (IoT) sensors—enhances real-time incident reporting, risk monitoring, and safety performance evaluation. However, remains unevenly distributed across organizational levels, with higher adoption among managers and limited use among operational workers due to gaps in digital competence and system integration into daily workflows. The study further reveals that digitalization contributes not only to operational efficiency but also to improved data accuracy, transparency, and the development of a data-driven safety culture. Nevertheless, key barriers include infrastructural constraints, high investment costs, cybersecurity concerns, and socio-cultural resistance to technological change. From a practical perspective, these findings highlight the importance of workforce digital upskilling, user-centered system design, and robust data governance. From a policy perspective, regulatory support and incentives are essential to accelerate digital OHS adoption. This study contributes to the socio-technical systems perspective by emphasizing inclusive technology utilization across organizational levels. Future research should employ quantitative and longitudinal approaches to assess long-term impacts on safety performance and organizational resilience.