Anemia Incidence in Adolescent Girls
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69855/bidan.v1i1.73Keywords:
Protein Intake, Vitamin C Intake, Fe Intake, Infectious DiseasesAbstract
Anemia in adolescent girls is a major public health problem that can persist into adulthood and contribute to increased maternal mortality, prematurity, low birth weight, and perinatal death. Data from the Padang City Health Office reported that the prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls at vocational high schools (SMKN) reached 37.5%. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with anemia among adolescent girls at SMKN in 2019. A case–control study was conducted from January to March 2019 involving female students in grades X and XI. The sample consisted of 32 anemia cases and 32 non-anemia controls. Hemoglobin levels were measured using the Easy Touch GCHb device. Dietary intake of protein, vitamin C, and iron was assessed using a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ), while infectious diseases were identified through questionnaires. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with Chi-square tests and Odds Ratios. The results showed that protein intake (p = 0.00; OR = 7.667), vitamin C intake (p = 0.00; OR = 5.000), and infectious diseases (p = 0.01; OR = 3.571) were significantly associated with anemia. Iron intake was not identified as a significant risk factor (p = 0.64; OR = 1.552). In conclusion, anemia prevalence among adolescent girls at SMK Negeri 03 Padang remains high. Efforts to improve nutritional intake, particularly protein, vitamin C, and iron, are strongly recommended to reduce anemia risk and improve adolescent health outcomes.
References
Annisa, A., Rahfiludin, M. Z., & Fatimah, S. (2018). The relationship between anemia incidents and physical activity and history of infectious diseases in grade XI female students at SMA Negeri 11 Semarang. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 6(5), 311–316.
Azizy, R. El. (2019). Risk factors for anemia in female adolescents at SMKN 03 Padang in 2019. Bachelor Thesis, 1–65.
Budianto, D., Pada, A., Sman, S., Lamongan, M., Yuliani, K., Putri, P. H., … Mutiarani, A. L. (2022). A study on anemia and related factors in students of SMAN 1 Lamongan. Gema Kesehatan, 6(November), 102–108.
Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Barat. (2023). Number of pregnant women with anemia by regency/city in West Java. Retrieved from Jawa Barat: [link]
Fauziah, N., Raharja, K. T., & Vardila Putri, N. P. (2024). The relationship of nutritional status and anemia status in adolescent women in Sampang District. International Journal of Research and Review, 11(3), 131–137. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20240317
Firmansyah, H., Harahap, W. A., & Rosmiati, R. (2024). Protein intake related to anemia incidents in female students at SMAN 11 Medan. Gema Kesehatan, 16(1), 45–53. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.47539/gk.v16i1.444
Gardner, W. M., Razo, C., McHugh, T. A., Hagins, H., Vilchis-Tella, V. M., Hennessy, C., … Moradi, M. (2023). Prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends in anaemia burden by severity and cause, 1990–2021: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet Haematology, 10(9), e713–e734. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3026(23)00160-6
Hartanto, D., Matahari, R., & Nurfita, D. (2020). Educational module for Millennial generation adolescents on nutrition. Eprints.Uad.Ac.Id. Retrieved from http://eprints.uad.ac.id/32544/1/doc_0211211011_85%281%29.pdf
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2014). PERMENKES RI No. 25 on Child Health Efforts. Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25246403
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2018). Main Results of the Basic Health Research. Retrieved from Jakarta: [link]
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2023). Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. Retrieved from Jakarta: [link]
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2019). Profile of Indonesian Health 2019. Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. Retrieved from https://pusdatin.kemkes.go.id/
Sadrina, C. N., & Mulyani, N. S. (2021). Protein, iron, and vitamin C intake and anemia incidents in nutrition students. Jurnal Kesehatan, 13(1), 33–41.
Sholihah, N., Andari, S., & Wirjatmadi, B. (2019). The correlation between protein, vitamin C, iron, and folic acid consumption levels and anemia incidents among female students at SMAN 4 Surabaya. AMNT Journal, 135–141. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2473/amnt.v3i3.2019.135-141
Syah, M. N. H. (2022). The relationship between obesity and anemia among adolescent girls. Poltekita: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 15(4), 355–359. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.33860/jik.v15i4.712
UNICEF. (2021). Communication for Social and Behavior Change Strategy: Improving Adolescent Nutrition in Indonesia. UNICEF.
World Health Organization. (2022). Anemia in women and children. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/anaemia_in_women_and_children
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Bulletin of Inspiring Developments and Achievements in Midwifery (BIDAN)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
