Behavioral Factors and Household Food Security Associated with Anemia among Adolescent Girls in Padang City, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69855/mgj.v3i3.765Keywords:
Anemia, Adolescent Girls, Household Food Security, Iron Supplementation, Dietary Behavior, Nutritional KnowledgeAbstract
Anemia among adolescent girls is a multifactorial public health problem involving individual behavioral and household-level conditions. Objective: This study aimed to examine the associations between behavioral factors, household food security, and anemia among adolescent girls. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2026 among 320 adolescent girls aged 15–19 years in Padang City, West Sumatra, Indonesia, selected using multistage random sampling. Data were collected through structured interviews, anthropometric measurements, dietary assessment, household food-security assessment using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), and hemoglobin measurement using HemoCue® Hb 201+. Bivariate associations were assessed using the Chi-square test, followed by multivariable binary logistic regression. Results: Low household food security showed the strongest observed association with anemia (AOR = 3.56; 95% CI: 1.92–6.59; p<0.001), followed by non-adherence to iron supplementation (AOR = 2.94; 95% CI: 1.61–5.35; p<0.001), low consumption of iron-rich foods (AOR = 2.51; 95% CI: 1.38–4.56; p=0.002), and low knowledge (AOR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.03–3.24; p=0.041). Irregular breakfast consumption and tea or coffee consumption after meals were not statistically significant after adjustment. The model showed adequate fit (Hosmer–Lemeshow p=0.681), with a Nagelkerke R² of 0.418 and classification accuracy of 79.4%. Conclusion: Household food security and several behavioral factors were statistically associated with anemia among adolescent girls. Integrated interventions addressing household food access, iron supplementation adherence, dietary practices, and nutrition knowledge should be considered. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify temporal relationships.
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