Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite from Fish Bone Waste for Biomedical Applications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69855/science.v3i4.896Keywords:
hydroxyapatite, fish bone waste, calcinationAbstract
Fish bone waste represents an abundant, low-cost calcium source for hydroxyapatite (HAp) synthesis, offering potential applications in bone and dental tissue engineering. This study investigated the influence of calcination temperature on the structural, functional, particle size, and compositional properties of HAp derived from fish bone waste. Fish bones were cleaned, deproteinized, dried, and calcined at 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C, alongside an uncalcined control, with five replicates per condition (N = 30). The resulting materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), particle size analysis (PSA), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Crystallinity increased from 37.1% in the uncalcined sample to 83.9% at 1000 °C, while crystallite size increased from 13.4 to 41.5 nm (p < .001). The calcium-to-phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio approached the stoichiometric value of 1.67, reaching 1.641 ± 0.019 at 1000 °C. XRD confirmed characteristic HAp patterns, while FTIR revealed phosphate and hydroxyl groups alongside reduced carbonate content. These findings demonstrate that calcination temperature significantly influences HAp characteristics. Further phase quantification and biological testing are required to establish its suitability for biomedical applications.
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