Analysis of Cervical Cancer Screening Behavior in Women of Childbearing Age from the Perspective of the Health Belief Model
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69855/mgj.v3i2.609Keywords:
Cervical Cancer Screening, Health Belief Model, Women of Reproductive Age, Health Behavior, Early DetectionAbstract
Cervical cancer remains a major public health problem, particularly in developing countries where low screening coverage contributes to high morbidity and mortality among women. This study aimed to analyze cervical cancer screening behavior among women of reproductive age based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in Padang City from January to February 2026. A total of 422 women of reproductive age were selected through simple random sampling. Cervical cancer screening was defined as having undergone at least one screening method, including Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA), Pap smear, or Human Papillomavirus (HPV) testing. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire and analyzed using Chi-square and logistic regression tests. Only 39.8% of respondents had ever undergone screening (95% CI: 35.1–44.5%). Significant associations were found between screening behavior and perceived susceptibility (p=0.012), perceived benefits (p=0.001), perceived barriers (p<0.001), cues to action (p<0.001), and self-efficacy (p<0.001), while perceived severity was not significantly associated (p=0.087). Multivariable analysis showed that perceived barriers and self-efficacy remained independently associated with screening behavior. These findings suggest that reducing perceived barriers and strengthening self-efficacy may improve cervical cancer screening uptake among women.
References
Al‐Ani, A., Hammouri, M., Sultan, H., Al‐Huneidy, L., Mansour, A., & Al‐Hussaini, M. (2023). Factors affecting cervical screening using the health belief model during the last decade: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Psycho-Oncology, 33(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.6275
Alsabi, R. N. S., Zaimi, A. F., Sivalingam, T., Ishak, N. N., Alimuddin, A. S., Dasrilsyah, R. A., Basri, N. I., & Jamil, A. A. M. (2022). Improving knowledge, attitudes and beliefs: a cross-sectional study of postpartum depression awareness among social support networks during COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. BMC Women’s Health, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-01795-x
Bukowski, A., Smith, J. S., Wheeler, S. B., Sanusi, B., McGuire, F. H., Zeno, E., Des Marais, A. C., Barclay, L., Hudgens, M. G., Jackson, S., & Brewer, N. T. (2023). Cervical Cancer Screening Knowledge, Perceptions, and Behaviors in a Multiracial Cohort of Low-Income, Underscreened Women in North Carolina. Journal of Women’s Health (2002), 32(9), 970–981. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2022.0412
Chua, B., Ma, V., Asjes, C., Lim, A., Mohseni, M., & Wee, H. L. (2021). Barriers to and Facilitators of Cervical Cancer Screening among Women in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9), 4586. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094586
Dianaulina, D., Fajar, N. A., & Rahmiwati, A. (2025). The Effect of Risk Perception and Barriers (HBM) on Cervical Cancer Screening Adoption Among Women of Reproductive Age. COMSERVA: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, 5(6), 1446–1452. https://doi.org/10.59141/comserva.v5i6.3398
Khabibah, U., Adyani, K., & Rahmawati, A. (2022). Cervical Cancer Risk Factors: A Literature Review. Faletehan Health Journal, 09(3), 270–277.
Khoshnazar, M. S., Tarrahi, M. J., & Shahnazi, H. (2024). Impact of virtual education based on health belief model on cervical cancer screening behavior in middle‐aged women: A quasi‐experimental study. Cancer Reports, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.2058
Maryati, I., Pratiwi, S. H., & Estiqomah, Y. (2023). Factors Affecting Cervical Cancer Screening in Indonesia: A Scoping Review. Jurnal Persatuan Perawat Nasional Indonesia, 8(1), 12–12. https://doi.org/10.32419/jppni.v8i1.404
Mayasari, S. P. (2025). Comparison of the Efficacy of Cervical Cancer Screening Using HPV DNA Testing, Pap Smear, and Liquid Biopsy: A Systematic Review. Indonesian Journal of Health Community, 6(1), 33–33. https://e-journal.ivet.ac.id/index.php/ijheco/article/view/3893
Moucheraud, C., Chibaka, S., Golub, G., Kalande, P., Makwaya, A., Ochieng, E., Ogutu, V., Phiri, K., Phiri, S., & Hoffman, R. M. (2025). Factors associated with cervical cancer screening: results from cross-sectional surveys in Kenya and Malawi. BMC Public Health, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23143-y
Mukti, G. A. (2021). Determinants of Cervical Cancer Screening Utilization by Women in Asia: A Systematic Review. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebidanan Indonesia, 11(03), 135–141. https://doi.org/10.33221/jiki.v11i03.1223
Putri, S. I., Sani Fajriah, A., Asiyah, S., & Dian Ellina, A. (2022). The Health Belief Model and Cervical Cancer Examination Behavior of Women. KnE Life Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v7i2.10373
Robbers, G. M. L., Bennett, L. R., Spagnoletti, B. R. M., & Wilopo, S. A. (2021). Facilitators and barriers for the delivery and uptake of cervical cancer screening in Indonesia: a scoping review. Global Health Action, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2021.1979280
Tjokroprawiro, B. A., Novitasari, K., Saraswati, W., Yuliati, I., Ulhaq, R. A., & Sulistya, H. A. (2024). The Challenging Journey of Cervical Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment at the Second Largest Hospital in Indonesia. Gynecologic Oncology Reports, 51, 101325–101325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gore.2024.101325
Zumrudah, A., Gayatri, R. W., Tama, T. D., & Wardani, H. E. (2023). Preferences and Accuracy of Cervical Cancer Screening in Indonesia: A Literature Review. Sport Science and Health, 5(10), 978–995. https://doi.org/10.17977/um062v5i102023p978-995
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Miracle Get Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
